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Semi-open/outdoor Environment Particulates (TSP, PM10, PM2.5) and Water-soluble Ionic Species (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) Concentrations Distributions and Dry Depositions Study in ChangHua County, Central Taiwan

Guor-Cheng Fang1, Guan-Jhih Jhao2, Chin-Wei Chang2, Wen-Chuan Huang1, Yuan-Jie Zhuang1

Abstract


This sampling site was located in the ChangHua Coastal Park, ChangHua country, west coast of central Taiwan. The total area was about 3,643 acres. This ChangHua Coastal Park(CHCP) which covered 321 factories which included food, glass, textile, plastic, chemical, metal, electricity, steel, machinery, hardware, wood, gas enterprises. This company was a Slag Reuse factory. The items they processed include: Casting sand, electric arc furnace steelmaking ballast (ballast, reducing ballast), rotary kiln ballast. This study was to measure ambient air particulates, TSP, PM10, PM2.5 concentrations and dry depositions of water-soluble ionic species (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) which attached with them at this semi-open/outdoor concrete processing factory environment and compare the water-soluble ionic species (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) concentrations at this semi-open/ outdoor concrete processing factory environments. Finally, compare the average concentrations percentages of water-soluble ionic species (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) in TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and dry depositions for this semi-open/outdoor environment. The results indicated the average SO42-water-soluble ionic concentration was ranked highest (＞45％) among the other water-soluble ionic species (F-, Cl-, NO3-) concentrations. However, water-soluble ionic species F- was ranked lowest about (＞15％) in this study. Moreover, coal, fluxes, recycled materials and 4-6 heavy fuel which contained high sulfur contents was the leading reason in the high SO42- ionic species concentration in semi-open/outdoor concrete processing factory. The added of the desulfurizer to form generally remove impurities in the steelmaking processes, is also responsible for the high concentration of SO42- in this study. Finally, ionic species SO42- was the dominate species for concrete processing factory for TSP, dry depositions, PM10, PM2.5. Noteworthy, average semi-open/outdoor concentrations ration for SO42- was about 1.00. The average indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentrations ratios were ranged 0.354~1.87 at various characteristic sites during years of 2007~2017 in this study. How to improve the semi-open ventilate environment to ensure the employee heath has become an important issue for this working place in the future.

Keywords


Concentrations; Water -soluble ionic species; Semi-open /Outdoor; Dry depositions

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v2i3.1087

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