Dear readers of and contributors to Marine and Environment,

It is with great pleasure that we present the inaugural issue of Marine and Environment for the year, featuring a captivating Section Collection on “Studies of the Seabed”. This collection showcases the remarkable progress made in understanding the dynamic nature of the seabed and the vital role it plays in marine ecosystems. These studies explore various aspects of the seabed’s behavior and response to natural and human-induced disturbances, such as earthquakes, landslides, waves, currents, sediment transport, erosion, deposition, mining, drilling, anchoring, cable laying, and offshore structures^[1,2]. As the editorial team, we are thrilled to present a compilation of cutting-edge research articles that delve into the intriguing world of seabed mechanics and dynamics, which has the potential to shape our future in profound ways.

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on the question of how the central government should deal with the paradox between authoritative institutions and effective governance , To present three coping mechanisms with theory , To step Agency , Political indoctrination etiquette and athletic governance mechanism , But in the marine Environment Management Area , On the resolution of the joint law enforcement this is the main means of the theory , Three mechanisms lack sufficient explanatory power . so , articles based on multiple case analysis , from information throttling , set decentralization regulation and governance the validity tuning Three dimensions illustrates the logic of the behavior of Joint law enforcement . article holds the Central Department's joint enforcement through media output message , is a warning to the local ; During law enforcement ,the way to improve governance effectiveness is to integrate local forces into high-risk items ,, at the same time , input of local information becomes the basis for the central Department to dynamically adjust the timing of joint law enforcement and leading departments , and can then Adjusting the set of decentralized balances in the real sense ; in the closing process , The interaction of information between sections of a section makes the dynamic balance of governance effectiveness maintain . through analysis , Articles The coping mechanism of the paradox of governance also includes the central-land common management mechanism , is a supplement to the existing theory .

Jellyfish blooms have damaged this normal composition and function of Marine Ecosystem and ecological environments, which have been One of the new Marine ecological disasters. In This study , we summarized the possible inducements of jellyfish blooms, on influences of jellyfish Blooms on biogenic elements, Dissolved oxygen, Seawater acidity and biological Community were discussed Emphatically. The results showed so Jellyfish blooms had a close Contact with its Physio ­ logical Structure and Life history , which had favorable characteristics including Simple body struc­ture , Rapid * Growth, thriving ReproductionThen short generation Interval to tolerate harsh Environment Better. Jellyfish abundance increased rapidly when it Encountered suitable conditions. The tempera­ture variations of seawater Might be the major inducing factor which could result in Jellyfish blooms. Jellyfish Blooms may benefit from warmer Temperature thatcould increase the food Availability of, Jel ­ lyfish Then Promote jellyfish Reproduction, especially for warm temperate jellyfish species. Eutrophi ­ cation , ClimateChange , overfishing , alien * Invasions and Habitat modification were all Possible im ­ portant contributory factors of Jellyfish blooms. Jellyfish could significantly influence the form Distri ­ bution Then biogeochemical cycling of biogenic Elements . Jellyfish excreted NH4 + and PO4 ^3- at a rate of 1-91.5 ^mol N • kg^-1 • H^-1Then 1.1-1.8 ^mol P • kg^-1 • h^-1 , which could meet A ­ bout 8 % -10% and 21.6% of Phytoplankton primary Production requirement of N and P, respectively . Live jellyfish released dissolved organic carbon (DOC ) at a rate of 1.0 ^ mol C • g "¹ • d as jellyfish decomposing, this effluxes of of Total N and Total Pwere 4000 ^ mol N • kg ¹ • ¹ and, ^ Mol P • kg ¹ • d ¹, respectively , the efflux of DOC reached ^mol C • G ¹ • D ^_1. Jellyfish decomposition could cause Seawateracidification and lowered level of dissolved Oxy  Gen Then finally made the ambient Water become Acidic Then hypoxic . The pH decreased by 1.3, while This Meandissolved Oxygen demand reached . 8 ^ mol • kg ¹ • H ¹. Jellyfish blooms also in ­fluenced This Marine organism Community , which might reduce " Biomass of Some fish and Zoo ­ Plankton , Increase , amount to Bacterioplankton, indirectly increase this quantity of of phytoplankton and lead to Abnormal primaryProduction .

Deep neural networks have been increasingly used to identify individual animals in ecological studies by learning and distinguishing their naturally occurring marks or features. Traditional individual animal recognition requires prior knowledge and experience, which can be time-consuming and inefficient. In this paper, a distinctive deep learning framework that automatically reidentifies individual Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) from photos was proposed. For most dolphin species with a dorsal fin, this feature is reliably used to identify and distinguish individuals in studies that require distinction between members of a group or population. Feature cutting and background removing strategies were added to allow a focus on local information. Knowledge distillation was also applied to improve the robustness of the framework. Additionally, an automatic dolphin recognition software suite for cetologists that may reduce the amount of effort and time required to manually confirm individual dolphin ID from photographs had been developed. In the end, the effectiveness of applying this deep neural network approach for individual Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin recognition had been demonstrated.

China’s beaches exhibit different geomorphic characteristics depending on location. Due to increasing contemporary climate change, induced storm activities and human activities, beaches along the Chinese coast have been exposed to the risk of erosion. This article examines the different shoreline evolution processes from 1973 to 2021 as well as the erosion vulnerability of 9 headland-embayed beaches (of which 5 beaches, each at Baishawan, Dasha, Dongdan, Nanshajiao, and Mushao are on the muddy coast in Southern China and 4 beaches, namely, Bathing Beach 1, 2, 3 and Shilaoren Beach are on the sandy coast in Northern China) based on the inherent geomorphic characteristics and nearshore hydroclimatic factors of the beaches. In the analysis, there were 3 stages. During the first stage, erosion dominated both the muddy and sandy coasts as a result of intense storm conditions. During the second stage, the beaches had earlier recovered as a function of natural processes, however, storm activities later eroded the beaches. During the third stage, most of the beaches accreted as a result of coastal engineering interventions and beach nourishment project. The shoreline analysis results indicate that beaches on the muddy and sandy coasts have been eroding in the long term. During the first erosion stage, erosion is more severe on the muddy coast than on the sandy coast in the short term. On the sandy coast, the beaches recorded severe erosion from 1973 to 1998. Of the 9 beaches, the most eroded location was at Dasha on the muddy coast (LRR: –5.315 m/y; EPR: –5.671 m/y; NSM: –141.94 m) between 1974 and 1998. In summary, beaches on muddy coasts are more vulnerable to erosion than those on sandy coasts. On the muddy coast, there has been a shortage in the supply of sediment from the Yangtze River-derived sediment to the coast. The primary source of sand material for the studied beaches on the muddy coast has been the regular storm condition that changes the sand-mud transition line on the coast. For the sandy beaches, the primary factor responsible for the vulnerability and beach modification includes a shortage in the natural supply of beach material and storm activities, however, recent beach nourishment and coastal protection procedures are gradually stabilizing the beaches. Ultimately, the outcome of this research is suitable for beach management procedures on the Chinese coast.