The Impact of Digital Transformation on Operational Resilience in Manufacturing SMEs: An Empirical Analysis and Strategic Framework

Abstract

This empirical study investigates the relationship between the depth of digital transformation (DT) and the operational resilience of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). Recognizing a critical gap in resource-constrained contexts, the research employs a sequential mixed-methods design. Quantitative survey data from 212 firms establishes a significant positive correlation (β = 0.47, p < 0.001) between integrated DT adoption and resilience capacities of anticipation, adaptation, and recovery. A subsequent moderation analysis reveals that organizational readiness—encompassing strategic alignment, digital skills, and leadership commitment—is a pivotal factor, explaining significant variance in outcomes (ΔR² = 0.08). Qualitative insights from three comparative case studies contextualize this relationship, demonstrating how high-readiness firms leverage data integration for proactive adaptation, while low-readiness firms suffer from fragmented technology deployment. The study concludes that DT is a fundamental enabler of SME resilience, but its efficacy is conditional. It contributes a validated, contingency-based framework to guide SME leaders and policymakers in prioritizing holistic DT investments that couple technological infrastructure with critical human and strategic foundations.