Research on Light Pollution Risk Level Assessment System Based on FCM-PSO

Abstract

Light pollution has profound implications on human physiological rhythms, ecological balances in wildlife, and traffic safety, with
its adverse effects becoming increasingly pronounced in the context of escalating urban lighting. In order to conduct a thorough analysis and
assessment of the risks associated with light pollution, this study establishes a Light Pollution Risk Level Evaluation System. Grounded in
the current light pollution scenario in the United States, we precisely define 20 fundamental indicators for light pollution risk levels. Through
Principal Component Analysis, we identify ten major indicators, subsequently utilizing the FCM-PSO algorithm to cluster these indicators
into five core parameters: Nocturnal radiation intensity, Population density, GDP, Built-up area, and Light intensity. Furthermore, employing the entropy weight method combined with the TOPSISfusion model, we conduct weighted calculations on these five core indicators to
enhance the applicability of the evaluation system. According to the evaluation criteria, the computed weights for each indicator in the light
pollution index are as follows: Radiation intensity 0.31, Light intensity 0.289, GDP 0.232, Population density 0.093, Built-up area 8%. This
model not only provides a comprehensive assessment of light pollution risks but also serves as a valuable methodological reference for similar studies in the future.