Ecological construction in pastoral areas is an important part of national ecological construction. With the advent of the new century, significant progress has been made in the economic and social construction of pastoral areas under the support and investment of the State, and the living conditions of the herdsmen have been significantly improved. However, there are still many problems in the development of pastoral areas. Especially the severe test of grassland ecological environment. Under these circumstances, the protection and restoration of the grassland ecological environment has become urgent.

Ocean and its closely related coastal areas have always been an important field of global competition and cooperation and the creation of new value, and Russia, as a maritime power, announced the approval of the new ocean doctrine in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which reflects the overall construction of Russia’s ocean policy. Based on the new version of the ocean Doctrine in 2022, this paper will explore the impact of Russia’s ocean strategy on its national economy by analyzing Russia’s value proposition for the ocean and its related ocean activities.

Geotechnical engineering survey and design is the foundation of engineering construction, and its quality is directly related to the safety and service life of the building. However, in the actual work, due to the complexity of geological conditions, the limitations of technical means and the influence of human factors, geotechnical engineering survey and design often encounter various problems, if not handled properly, may bring serious engineering accidents and economic losses. This paper analyzes the common problems in geotechnical engineering survey and design from the aspects of inadequate investigation, defective design, poor communication and coordination, and puts forward the targeted countermeasures of strengthening the geological mapping, improving the design process and establishing the coordination mechanism, in order to provide reference for improving the quality of geotechnical engineering survey and design.

This study investigates the spatial-temporal characteristics of precipitation in Guangxi, China, over the past 70 years (1951–2022), using ERA5-Land precipitation data. The analysis reveals significant spatial variability, with northern and eastern Guangxi experiencing higher annual mean precipitation, while central and western regions receive less. Temporal analysis shows notable interannual and decadal fluctuations, with a slight decline in overall precipitation since 2000. Wavelet analysis identifies dominant periodicities at 2–4-year, 8–10-year, and 16–32-year timescales. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis reveals three key modes of variability. The findings highlight the significant role of climate oscillations in shaping precipitation patterns in Guangxi and provide critical insights for water resource management and agricultural planning.

This paper explores the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Western Pacific Warm Pool, represented by the Western Pacific Warm Pool Strength (WPWPS) index, on extreme precipitation (RX1day) over the Tibetan Plateau. Using gridded daily precipitation data from the Climate Prediction Center and SST data from the National Climate Center, we analyze the relationship between WPWPS and extreme precipitation from 1994 to 2023. The results reveal a strong positive correlation (r = 0.631) between WPWPS and RX1day. Spatially, the influence of the WPWPS extends across much of the plateau, with particularly strong correlations in the southeastern, central, and eastern regions. These findings suggest that SST anomalies in the Western Pacific significantly impact monsoonal flows and subtropical high circulation patterns, leading to enhanced moisture transport and more intense extreme precipitation events.

Accurately simulating cold-season rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau is critical for understanding regional hydrology and climate. This study evaluates the performance of three parameterization schemes in simulating cold-season rainfall proportions, using the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data as a reference. The GLDAS data reveal significant spatial variability, with rainfall dominating in the southeastern Plateau and snowfall prevalent in the western and northern regions. The Jordan and BATS schemes exhibit widespread underestimation of rainfall, particularly in central and southeastern regions, where temperatures are near freezing. The FRZ scheme, while generally performing better, shows overestimation in colder, high-altitude areas. All three schemes struggle with phase transitions in marginal temperature zones, where the balance between rain and snow is most sensitive. The study highlights the need for refining temperature thresholds to improve phase-aware precipitation simulations in this region.

Simulating warm-season snowfall proportions over the Tibetan Plateau presents a unique challenge due to the complex interactions between temperature, altitude, and monsoonal influences. This study evaluates the performance of three parameterization schemes in simulating snowfall during the warm season (April to September), using Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) data as the observational reference. The GLDAS data indicate significant spatial variability, with the highest snowfall proportions occurring in the western and northern regions, while the southeastern regions experience predominantly rainfall. The Jordan and BATS schemes consistently overestimated snowfall proportions, particularly in the central and southern regions of the Plateau. The FRZ scheme performed better overall, with lower biases, especially in marginal temperature zones, but still showed moderate overestimation in southern areas. This study highlights the need for topographic influences to enhance the accuracy of phase-aware precipitation simulations during the warm season.