The present tendency to weaken the analysis of environmental capacity and carrying capacity in * compila­tion of, environmental planning results In the lack of ofscientific argumentation then rigorous logic in consideration of of

Compound air pollution characterized by Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5 ) pollution,conventional Methods of of Calculating

Atmospheric environmental capacity (AEC) and carrying capacity (aecc) are Not , capable . This paper builds ^ e ^ -

concmy-energyatmospheric Environment " model , multi-objective planning forwuhan City by System Dynamics (SD) which does not need to Simulate , complicatedphysicochemical processes of Atmospheric transmission and diffusion. instead,it uses various statistical data to Establish quantitative Connections among different types of of variables in The SD

System model. lastly,it simulates the dynamic trends of the gross Domestic production ( GDP) ? PM₂. 5 then six ar pollutant

The Cretaceous is an important period in which occurred many events geological the especially Noxic Events) characterized by black shales, and theoxic process characterized by corbs (Cretaceous oceanic Red beds). This paper describes the causative mechanism which explains how the oceanic environment changed from anoxic to oxic in Cre Taceous. Two typical events show different results that caused by interactionsoftheearthspheres. Here we are propose that rise of atmospheric CO2 occurred because the enhanced Submarine Volcanism-was abruptly and permanently diminished during the Cretaceous. The Cretaceous large-scale submarine volcanism caused the concentration of CO2 b20>. The releasing of the inner energy of the lithosphere and thedistribution Oflandwhich caused the increasing of atmospheric Temperature. This change presented the same trend as the oceanic water temperature, and caused the decreasing of O<b20 >2 concentration in the Cretaceous ocean, and then the oaes occurred. The lithosphere produced volume of lava in the upper Oceanic, Crustwhich contained Fe in the seafloor. When thehydrothermal fluids alteration of oceanic crust and seawater/basalt interactions (including microbes alteratio N of submarine basaltic glass), the element Fe dissolved in seawater. Iron is a micronutrient essential for the synthesis of enzymes required for photosynthesis in oceanic environment, it Coul D Spur phytoplankton growth rapidly. The photosynthesis of phytoplankton which can consume carbon dioxide is in much of the world ' s oceans, wherever they I n atmosphere or in ocean. This process could produce equal oxygen. And then, the oxic environment characterized by red sediment which are rich in Fe³+ appeared. The data show rhythm of the anoxic and oxic from South Tibet and DSDP/ODP section, which the anoxic is often accompanied B Y the occurrence of oxygen rich environment. Undoubtedly, the anoxic andoxic in the Cretaceous Ocean were controlled by the mutually dependent of the Earth s Ystem which included lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. An important conclusion of this study is that the black shalesand the oceanic red beds are caused by the same reason LED different results. The anoxic and oxic in the Cretaceous Ocean were caused by volcanic activities, but they were of different causative Nisms. The former was based on physical and chemical process, while the latter involved more complicated Process.