The Globalisation of Professional Football Clubs-A Critical Analysis of Liverpool Football Club
Abstract
Nowadays, globalisation has become a part of everyday life. Professional sports clubs can expand their business and increase brand influence through globalisation and glocalisation. This paper aims to summarise and make recommendations on the globalisation strategies of professional sports clubs. The researcher conducted a case study of Liverpool FC in terms of research methodology. As a professional sports football club with a large global following, this paper discusses four aspects (symbols, partners, stadium and social media platforms) of the globalisation of Liverpool football club. The researcher drew two recommendations based on the discussion: simplify the logo and focus more on local characteristics.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alden DL, Steenkamp J-B.E.M., & Batra R. (2006). Consumer attitudes toward marketplace globalization: Structure, antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(3), 227-239.
Anagnostopoulos C, Parganas P, Chadwick S, & Fenton A. (2018). Branding in pictures: Using Instagram as a brand management tool in professional team sport organisations.
Andrews DL. (2006). Disneyization, Debord, and the integrated NBA spectacle. Social Semiotics, 16(1), 89-102.
Andrews DL. & Ritzer G. (2007). The grobal in the sporting glocal. Global Networks, 7(2), 135-153.
Boddewyn SR, & Picard J. (1986). Standardization in international marketing: Is Ted Levitt in fact right? Business Horizons, 29(6), 69–75.
Deloitte (2010). Football Money League 2010 [online] Available from: [Accessed May 2010].
Deloitte (2012). Football Money League 2012 [online] Available from: [Accessed Feb 2012].
Deloitte (2020). Football Money League 2020 [online] Available from: [Accessed Apr 2022].
Donnelly P. (1996). The local and the global: Globalization in the sociology of sport. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 20(3), 239-257.
Ferguson M. (1992). The mythology about globalization. European Journal of Communication, 7, 69-93.
Fort Rodney. (2000). European and North American sports differences. Scottish journal of political economy, 47(4), pp.431-455.
Harvey J, Rail G, & Thibault L. (1996). Globalization and sport: Sketching a theoretical model for empirical analyses. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 20(3), 258-277.
Holton R. (2000). Globalization’s cultural consequences. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 570(4), 140-152.
Kaldor M. (2003). Global civil society: An answer to war. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Kotler, P. (1997). Marketing management : analysis, planning, implementation, and control / Philip Kotler. (Ninth edition.). Prentice Hall.
Kotler P. and Turner RE. (1997). Marketing management: Analysis, planning, implementation, and control (Vol. 9). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.
Levitt T. (1983). The globalization of markets[online] Available from:.
Liverpool (2022). Annual report and consolidated financial statements[online] Available from: [Accessed 2022].
Maguire, J. (1999). Global sport: Identities, societies, civilizations. Cambridge: Polity.
McLuhan. (1964). Understanding media : the extensions of man / by Marshall McLuhan. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Parganas AC, & Chadwick S. (2015). “You”ll never tweet alone’: Managing sports brands through social media. The Journal of Brand Management, 22(7), 551–568.
Pieterse JN. (2004). Globalization and culture: Global melange. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Ritzer G. (1993). The McDonaldization of society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.
Ritzer, G. (2003). Rethinking globalization: Glocalization/ grobalization and something/nothing. Sociological Theory, 21(3), 193-209.
Swayne LE, Dodds MA (2011). Encyclopedia of sports management and marketing (Gale virtual reference library). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
Tomlinson J. (1999). Globalization and culture. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Turner BS. (2003). McDonaldization: Linearity and liquidity in consumer cultures. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(2), 137-153.
White R. (2019). How Michael Jordan became a brand. Los Angeles Times.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/fm.v7i3.4711
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.